Romany Gypsies, Scottish, Welsh and … 2) yielded 21 broad recurring themes, which fell into three interrelated strands, including ‘Traveller traits’, ‘perceived social impacts’ and ‘psycho/socio/anthropological consequences’. Plan to tackle Gypsy/Traveller discrimination. Reference Dickson, Cruise, McCall and Taylor2019). Gypsy and traveller families ‘hounded out’ of areas in act of ‘social cleansing’ as councils impose sweeping bans. Due to chronic under usage of mainstream health services (and the attendant obstacles that exist for Travellers accessing healthcare), the Traveller health response seems to focus on emergency department (ED) assessment and input, where the ED is seen as the only resort as well as the last resort for their health (and mental health) needs. From 5160 scientific references over the past 20 years, 19 papers made reference to Traveller mental health, and only 5 papers made specific data-based reference to suicide in Travellers. MEMBERS of a violent traveller gang that carried out at £2million crime spree stealing luxury , gun and even dogs have been jailed for 71 years. Each of these strands provided insights into ‘the life struggle’ which is common to indigenous ethnic minorities. Elevated suicide rates in young male Irish Travellers appear to be a relatively modern phenomenon which has developed over the past two decades or so (AITHS, 2010; McLoughlin et al. Initially, studies were screened by title and abstract. This tide has ebbed and flowed in response to politics, economics and … It was only when we qualified Travellers as being ‘Irish Travellers’ in our scientific review did we detect meaningful references to their existence as an IEM, and their health and well-being. A further search of ‘Irish Traveller in United Kingdom/UK’ was also included. There is a wide range of international publications (Karlsen, Reference Karlsen2007; Paradies et al. As shown in Table 1, participant numbers ranged from 7 to 1947, with a large range in age group across studies, and the majority of studies ranging from teen to older adult. Here, we present a rapid review of Traveller mental health and suicide, exploring the extent, type and nature of research to date, from a psycho–socio–anthropological perspective (as per the IJPM special edition brief). The Science–Arts Lived Lives project (Malone et al. Respondents were found to have adequate access to care, with increased use of the accident and emergency services including mental health services, but overall reported significantly poorer quality healthcare experiences and trust in healthcare professionals compared to national survey data (McGorrian et al. The analysis broadly followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines (Moher et al. A group of tradesmen believed to be Irish gypsy travellers have reportedly gone to group after an alleged roofing work scam conned an elderly couple from the Gold Coast. Narrative synthesis of qualitative papers (n = 12) on Traveller mental health and suicide. This proved to be unavoidable, due to PRISMA criteria, and yet a significant limitation, as policy to date has been driven by invited submissions and commissioned research reports. "shouldUseHypothesis": true, This has been suggested to be indicative of a loss of cultural identity, embedded in their ability to move but also possibly suggestive of a community which is relatively quickly being asked to transition from an isolated community into a global, expanding and faster-paced sphere. Although less nomadic on the island of Ireland than in the past, there is still much movement between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. Reference Malone, McGuinness, Cleary, Jefferies, Owens and Kelleher2017). b. Indices of mental health are the following: A flowchart of the literature screening is presented in Fig. Rapid review of peer-reviewed publications in the scientific literature: study selection. Of those, five have examined determinants of mental health and included the word ‘suicide’. Electronic searches of PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were performed with earliest records till January 2020. Whilst several review studies have looked at the health of Travellers, the focus has by and large been on physical health, vaccine uptake and outreach programmes with little emphasis on mental health and suicide. Methods: The All Ireland Traveller Health Study was a cross-sectional census study in 2010. Some Travellers refer to themselves in their Shelta language as ‘Minceir’ or ‘Pavee’ (Ni Shuinear, Reference Ni Shuinear, McCann, Siochain and Ruane1994; Binchy, Reference Binchy, Ni and O’Riain1995; Helliner, Reference Helleiner2000). A rapid review of Irish Traveller mental health and... Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Mental Health Research, St Vincent’s University Hospital & UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland, Reference Ni Shuinear, McCann, Siochain and Ruane, Reference McGorrian, Hamid, Fitzpatrick, Daly, Malone and Kelleher, Reference McGinnity, Grotti, Kenny and Russell, Reference Paradies, Ben, Denson, Elias, Priest and Pieterse, Reference Quirke, Heinen, Fitzpatrick, McKey, Malone and Kelleher, Reference Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff and Altman, Reference Malone, McGuinness, Cleary, Jefferies, Owens and Kelleher, Reference McGorrian, Frazer, Daly, Moore, Turner and Sweeney, Reference Abdalla, Kelleher, Quirke and Daly, Reference Parry, Van Cleemput, Peters, Walters, Thomas and Cooper, Reference Peters, Parry, Van Cleemput, Moore, Cooper and Walters, Reference Linehan, Duffy, O’Neill, O’Neill and Kennedy, Reference Carew, Cafferty, Long, Bellerose and Lyons, Reference Mann, Waternaux, Haas and Malone, Reference Goward, Repper, Appleton and Hagan, Reference Dickson, Cruise, McCall and Taylor, Reference Chachamovich, Kirmayer, Haggarty, Cargo, McCormick and Turecki, Reference Pollock, Healey, Jong, Valcour and Mulay, Reference Van Orden, Witte, Cukrowicz, Braithwaite, Selby and Joiner, Reference Gillies, Boden, Friesen, Macfarlane and Fergusson, Reference Van Cleemput, Parry, Thomas, Peters and Cooper, Reference Pollock, Naicker, Loro, Mulay and Colman, Disparities in fatal and non-fatal injuries between Irish Travellers and the Irish general population are similar to those of other indigenous minorities: a cross-sectional population-based comparative study, All Ireland Traveller Health Study: Our Geels. Eligibility criteria included: (i) Irish Travellers/Gypsy Travellers; (ii) information on mental health/suicide/self-harm; (iii) psychosocial anthropological perspectives of mental health; (iv) publications in english. Research is urgently required to understand the cultural, community and healthcare reverberations of suicidality in Travellers, drawing on what is known from studies in other IEMs, and also designing scientifically robust community health studies in Ireland to better inform policy (locally and internationally). Interview, including structured, semi-structured, non-directive and explorative was a common method of data collection, with the majority being subsequently transcribed from recordings. Reference Parry, Van Cleemput, Peters, Walters, Thomas and Cooper2007). ... 'I'm mixed-race, is Cambridge right for me?' "newCitedByModal": true Views of teenage parenting can be culturally situated, as explored in this chapter in the context of an indigenous minority population in the Republic of Ireland – Irish Travellers (‘Travellers’). All studies report that this is a serious issue, but it is both under-researched and to date under-resourced, with formidable service delivery challenges in a hard-to-reach and economically marginalised community (Walker, Reference Walker2008; McGorrian et al. Of these, the leading quantitative study calculated a Standardised Mortality Ratio for suicide amongst Travellers in Ireland, and reported an SMR of 6.6 for young adult males (Abdalla et al. Reference McGinnity, Grotti, Kenny and Russell2017). The 2011 census recorded 57 680 Gypsies and Irish Travellers in England and Wales. Twenty-four papers fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the review from the initial 5160 references (Fig. Data, including study characteristics (e.g. Our study has several limitations. Gender was commented on frequently; with the majority of participants in each study being female. Peer-reviewed published scientific studies related to Traveller mental health and suicide (n = 5). PADDY Doherty wept as thousands of travellers paid tribute to his nephew today in a huge funeral featuring a fleet of Rolls Royces and horse-and-trap races. Culturally competent services need to be developed in this regard. Edited by Jeffrey P. Williams, Edgar W. Schneider, Peter Trudgill, Daniel Schreier. Becoming Conspicuous: Irish Travellers, Society and the State 1922–70. Reference Peters, Parry, Van Cleemput, Moore, Cooper and Walters2009). The Traveller mortality rate is 3.5 times higher and the infant mortality rate is 4 times higher than the general population (All Ireland Traveller Health Study Team, 2010). This rapid review identified a very small number of published peer-reviewed scientific studies that have addressed the issue of mental health and suicide in Irish Travellers. However, as with the Irish general population, this may have been under-reported due to stigma (Walker, Reference Walker2008; AITHS, 2010; Carew et al. Table 1. Search words included (‘Traveller’ OR OR ‘Gypsy Travellers’) and (‘Mental health’ OR ‘Mental illness’ OR ‘Suicide’ OR ‘Self-harm’). Reference Malone, McGuinness, Cleary, Jefferies, Owens and Kelleher2017) brought Travellers, clinical scientists and policymakers together towards confronting suicide in their community, allowing Travellers to open up and speak about their suicide bereavement experience and calling for action to intervene by whatever means possible. Five studies included all three (mental health, suicide and an anthropological perspective) (Table 1). number of Irish Travellers in South Cambridgeshire. FMD was utilised as an outcome for poor mental health in the context of known variables of mental health. "metricsAbstractViews": false, }, This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (, © The Author(s), 2020. Reference Tobin, Lambert and McCarthy2018; Dickson et al. This project assesses service needs for Gypsies and Travellers in the Cambridge area. There is a substantial cultural taboo around suicide within the Travelling community, with such an event being perceived and experienced as a betrayal of the tribe, especially when deep spirituality is such a cornerstone of their cultural beliefs (Walker, Reference Walker2008) and yet it happens in significant numbers, bringing with it significant individual and community bereavement, with young peer grief in particular (Sweeney et al. Even our exploration of the grey literature did not shed much additional light on our search for data related to suicide risk observed amongst this particular IEM. The overall Traveller life expectancy was 66 years, that is, 15 years less for Traveller men and 11 years less for Traveller women. Some used a combination approach (such as agency introduction and health visitor) or incorporated a predevelopment phase to increase trust and participation with the study. A rapid review of Irish Traveller mental health and suicide: a psychosocial and anthropological perspective. The Blackwell site hosts 16 pitches (Image: Cambridge News) ... “Criminalising stopping is unhelpful and aggravates issues experienced by Gypsies, Roma and Irish Travellers [GRT]”. Science must respond to societal needs and global challenges, (UNESCO.org). Data on studies including design, methods, participants and key findings were extracted using a spreadsheet template. (iii) Psychosocial anthropological perspectives on indices of mental health. Similar themes have been described in other ethnic minorities. Discrimination, educational disadvantage and social exclusion are increasingly prevalent in this community (Pavee Point, 2013), all of which have been implied as aggravating factors of poor mental health (O’Shea, Reference O’Shea2011). It would also make doing research in this area more feasible. It is not altogether surprising that suicide is a problem in Travellers, as similar patterns have been observed in other indigenous ethnic minorities globally (Inuits, Sami, Aboriginals, Maoris, Torres Straits Islanders, First-Nation Canadians), where the experience of discrimination is a common thread. Reference Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff and Altman2009). Reference Sweeney, Owens and Malone2014). To view supplementary material for this article, please visit https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.108. Australian Aboriginal suicide: the need for an Aboriginal suicidology? a. Reference Carew, Cafferty, Long, Bellerose and Lyons2013). Online ISBN: 9781139108652. (Elliott-Farrelly, Reference Elliott-Farrelly2004; Bellamy and Hardy, Reference Bellamy and Hardy2015, Chachamovich et al. Hostname: page-component-54cdcc668b-gpwtm The 23-year-old is an Irish Traveller. Travellers were not included in a recent global systematic review of suicide in indigenous ethnic minorities (Pollock Reference Pollock, Naicker, Loro, Mulay and Colman2018b). The ‘travelling way’, stoicism, self-reliance, discrimination, loss of identity and powerlessness are notable and prominent. The resulting narrative synthesis (Fig. In a knowledge vacuum, it behoves the scientific community to explain the value of scientific research and rigour to both policymakers as well as Travellers, shifting the existing discourse towards new knowledge and understanding around mental health and suicide in Travellers. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Science is one of the most important channels of knowledge. Reference Parry, Van Cleemput, Peters, Walters, Thomas and Cooper2007; Peters et al. … All studies were considered to have an anthropological approach (n = 24) in their recruitment, design or overall findings. The Cambridge History of the English Language, Internal and external factors in phonological convergence: the case of English /t/ lenition, Dialect Change: Convergence and Divergence in European Languages, The Secret Languages of Ireland: With Special Reference to the Origin and Nature of the Shelta Language, ‘Talkin’ Different’: Linguistic Diversity and the Irish Traveller Minority, International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English, The variables of early New Zealand English, Metrical Incoherence: Diachronic Sources and Synchronic Analysis, Speeded production of inflected words in children and adults, The development of regular and irregular verb inflection in Spanish child language.

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