You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. / Canterbury quake / Natural Hazards and Risks The direction of movement—up and towards the northwest—focussed the energy of the earthquake towards Christchurch and helps explain the severe damage in the city. The level of earthquake shaking that is considered when designing a structure is related to historic seismicity and the distance from known or expected active fault lines. The fault is not a vertical cut through the earth, but rather it dips towards the south at an angle of about 65 degrees from the horizontal. The fault rupture started with a small amount of slip between the two sides of the fault at about 6 km depth. A newly discovered fault line discovered near Morrinsville could potentially produce a 6.7 magnitude earthquake. / Hidden fault. Colours on the fault plane indicate the amount of slip between the two sides of the fault (see Fig. Figure 2: Diagram showing the amount and direction of slip of the rock between the two sides of the fault. Central, northern and northeastern Christchurch have also gone down, but generally by less than 5 centimetres. The size of the fault also determines the size of the Earthquake because the earthquake is a result of the seismic waves moving through the fault. Safest place in New Zealand would probably be Canterbury or far north but quakes don't happen exactly on fault lines. This earthquake produced a visible rent across the landscape that allowed scientists to directly measure the movement of the longest fault segment, the Greendale Fault. Relative to the fault, the land north of the fault shifted eastward while the land to the south of the fault shifted westward. It was the middle of a working day and many people were at school or work, having lunch or running errands. Fault slip comes to within one kilometre of the ground surface. The main part of the fault thus lies beneath the northern edge of the Port Hills. Canterbury University scientists have said there are about 100 fault lines and fault segments around the region, rather than the half-dozen active … AcknowledgementsFor discussions and sharing of early results: Pierre Briole, ENS, France; Marcello de Michele, BRGM, France; Eric Fielding, JPL, USA; SARmap group, Switzerland; INGV, Italy; GSI, Japan; Shaun Levick, Caroline Holden, Bill Fry, Stephen Bannister, Martin Reyners, all at GNS. The fault line that ruptured and caused the earth quake was the 15 kilometre fault along the southern edge of the city from Cashmere to Avon Heathcoat estuary. The coloured image shows an “interference pattern” derived from X-band radar images taken on 19 and 23 February 2011 by the Italian Cosmo-SkyMed satellite. In fact they run roughly at right angles to the Alpine Fault and relate to boundaries between crustal subplates on the Pacific Plate. Figure 3: Image indicating ground displacement made by combining satellite radar images taken before and after the earthquake. The rock on the south side of the fault has moved up and westward by as much as 2.5 metres relative to the rock on the north side of the fault. In September 2010, Christchurch was shaken by the magnitude 7.1 Darfield earthquake, caused by movement along faults west of the city on the Canterbury Plains. Scientists have thus had to rely on measurements using a variety of techniques and instruments to determine its location and the nature of its movement. For processing of the radar data: Mahdi Motagh. Many of the larger faults are oblique-slip faults, which can cause a combination of horizontal and vertical movement. Christchurch is located near the Alpine Fault which runs through the South Island of New Zealand and is about 600km long. This article about a regional geological feature is a stub. Movement was modelled using the ground shaking recorded during the earthquake by “strong-motion” seismometers. The top of the fault lies at a depth of about a kilometre beneath the surface, and the rupture extends down along the fault plane for about seven kilometres. Hi Tina, you're right that there are no known faults right near Christchurch. Because the fault doesn’t break the surface, the land overlying the top of the fault has been slightly folded, with the south side warped upward and the north side down (see Fig. The block of land south of the fault slid up the fault surface by as much as 2.5 metres on the section of fault near the Avon-Heathcote estuary. [1], The Christchurch fault is believed to have been responsible for a series of earthquakes that rocked the city on Boxing Day of 2010. There are major fault lines running the length of New Zealand. The land has gone up as much as 40 centimetres around the western side of the Avon-Heathcote estuary. Earthquake faults Canterbury sits across the boundary of two large plates of the Earth’s crust that are moving towards each other – the Pacific Plate and the Australian Plate. Shortly after midnight on Monday 14th November 2016, the 7.8 magnitude Kaikoura earthquake rocked New Zealand. 1) was about 14 kilometres long, and extends east-northeast from Cashmere to the Avon-Heathcote estuary area. It followed nearly six months after the 7.1 magnitude 2010 Canterbury earthquakethat caused significant damage to the region but no direct fatalit… Movement of land on either side of the fault plane was mixture of vertical motion and sideways slip (Fig. August 27, 2016 3:46pm Christchurch was struck by a powerful 7.1-magnitude earthquake that smashed buildings, cracked roads and twisted rail lines and also ripped a new 3.5 metre wide fault line in the earth's surface in September 2010. It runs parallel to the more destructive Port Hills Fault that lies 5 km to the south of the Christchurch Fault. [chapter break] Christchurch 1949: twenty geologists pose for a group picture. Fault line discovered near Morrinsville has potential to for 6.7 quake stuff.co.nz - Stuff. 2). 2). The forces involved in plate movement are huge. They cause the rock in the Earth’s crust to buckle (fold) and fracture (fault), particularly near the plate boundary. The Christchurch Fault is an active seismic fault running under the city of Christchurch in the middle of New Zealand's South Island. The red star shows the location where the fault rupture started. Based on data from GPS stations, satellite radar images, seismographs and strong-motion recorders, the fault that caused the 22 February earthquake lies within about six kilometres of the city centre, along the southern edge of the city. The fault rupture (Fig. It may have been responsible for a moderate earthquake that shook the city in 1869.[2]. Is there any possibility of nz splitting between greymouth & christchurch in the future? The general region of fault slip is outlined by the aftershocks of the 22 February earthquake. The white line is the contour where there was no change in height. This article describes our understanding of the Christchurch earthquake fault as at the 8th of April, about 7 weeks after the earthquake. In general, greater shaking is expected in regions closer to active faults. In scientific terms, the Kaikōura earthquake was a new phenomenon. The hidden fault that caused the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The moment the Kaikoura earthquake struck. The earthquake was centred 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the town of Lyttelton, and 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of the centre of Christchurch, New Zealand's second-most populous city. Experts have launched an investigation into the earthquake risk of a newly discovered fault line in the Waikato, which could potentially generate a 6.7 … The faults that are causing so much trouble in Christchurch,(i.e. However, there may be additional subsidence as a result of ground compaction and liquefaction during the strong shaking. The North Island Fault System is a major plate boundary feature in the North Island, under … Radar images taken from satellites before and after the earthquake were analysed. The contour lines indicate the amount (in mm) the land has risen (blue contours) or subsided (red contours) due to the slip on the fault. The east central side of the South Island is a large plain where the main city of the south, Christchurch, is located. That recognition didn’t come easily. / Recent Events The earthquake was caused by the rupture of a 15-kilometre-long fault along the southern edge of the city, from Cashmere to the Avon–Heathcote estuary. For CSK satellite radar data: e-GEOS, an ASI/Telespazio company, especially Andrea Celentano. The September quake had occurred in the early hours of the morning with family generally close at hand. In September 2010, Christchurch was shaken by the magnitude 7.1 Darfield earthquake, caused by movement along faults west of the city on the Canterbury Plains. The earthquake that devastated Christchurch is the product of a newly discovered fault line in the Earth's crust. A Geo's view from the air - the first aerial of the Canterbury earthquake * Hamilton folk unshaken by fault line * Waikato 'will get an earthquake as big as Christchurch' Another two are in the southeastern Te Tatua o Wairere fault zone - … It runs from an area close to Riccarton, under the Central City, through the eastern suburbs off the coast of New Brighton. Home Fault Line is the 1st thriller to star Ben Treven, followed by Inside Out; he also appears in The Detachment, which stars perennial series favorite John Rain." The Alpine Fault creates the earthquake by the opposite sides rubbing against each other after tension has built up between the two. However, the violent magnitude 6.3 earthquake that devastated Christchurch on 22 February 2011 was caused by movement along a fault that does not appear to have broken the surface. The devastating earthquake that tore through Christchurch on Tuesday is the product of a new fault line in the Earth’s crust that seismologists were previously unaware of. After Christchurch’s two big quakes, all are aware that New Zealand’s earthquake hazard is real, and the Alpine Fault is now recognised as one of the major hazards. Position data from GPS stations (Fig. The February 2011 earthquake seems to have been on a previously unknown fault near Lyttelton (10 kilometres south of Christchurch). Thrillers and Suspense December 2012 Newsletter http://www.nextreads.com/Display2.aspx?SID=5acc8fc1-4e91-4ebe-906d-f8fc5e82a8e0&N=577901 1) before and after the earthquake was analysed, using measurements from both existing continuous GPS stations and temporary stations installed after the earthquake. The Christchurch Fault is an active seismic fault running under the city of Christchurch in the middle of New Zealand's South Island. The Port Hills have gone up by varying amounts, from about 5 centimetres under Lyttelton Harbour to a maximum of about 25 centimetres at the base of the hills near the Heathcote valley. The Alpine Fault. As a direct result of the fault slip, the Bexley, Aranui, Wainoni, Avondale and New Brighton areas have gone down, mostly by less than 15 centimetres. This raised part of the Port Hills and part of southern Christchurch. Starting in Culverdon, 70km south of Kaikōura, the quake ripped across several fault lines, including one that was previously unknown. The fault slopes southward beneath the Port Hills and did not break the surface – scientists used instrument measurements to … In Christchurch, the shaking from an Alpine Fault rupture might not feel as sharp as the February 2011 earthquake, Bradley said, but it would last a lot longer – about two or three minutes. A 6.3-magnitude earthquake occurred on the Port Hills Fault at 12:51 pm on 22 February 2011 local time (23:51 21 February UTC), causing widespread damage and fatalities. There is still additional work to do to locate these aftershocks precisely, at which time they may provide additional detail on the fault rupture. The red, green and yellow coloured symbols show some of the GPS stations whose displacements were used to derive the fault slip model. Many of the larger faults are oblique strike slip faults, having a combination of sideways and vertical movement.To explore in detail a map of New Zealand's known active faults go to our active faults database and click on the link near the bottom of the page. Each colour cycle represents 1.5 centimetres of ground displacement, so the total displacement between the western edge of the image and central Christchurch is about 25 centimetres. Earthquake Fault Lines Nz - Fault Line New Zealand Volcanoes Map : Is there any possibility of nz splitting between greymouth & christchurch in the future?. The build-up of stress or pressure in the rocks below Christchurch The earth is made up of many tectonic plates. Most Cantabrians were away from their homes when the 6.3-magnitude earthquake struck at 12.51 p.m. on 22 February 2011. A number of techniques were used to determine the fault’s position and movement. The Darfield fault, which caused the September 2010 earthquake, is the one just to the west of Christchurch. The powerful earthquake that smashed buildings, cracked roads and twisted rail lines around the New Zealand city of Christchurch also ripped a new fault line … Over the next few seconds the rupture spread upwards and towards the northwest, with the amount of slip increasing with time. It runs from an area close to Riccarton, under the Central City, through the eastern suburbs off the coast of New Brighton. The greatest movement was upward and toward the northwest under the Avon-Heathcote estuary area. A number of major fault lines are in a band that runs the length of New Zealand. For GPS data: LINZ, especially Josh Thomas and Dave Collett; GeoNet; Geosystems/Trimble New Zealand; Global Survey; Andersen & Associates, especially Brent George; Christchurch City Council; Otago University. The dividing line between two plates is a sharp fault line, following the west side of the South Island, but than crossing the island, and lying off-shore to the east of the North Island. In 2011, a magnitude 5.3 quake hit Trinidad, Colorado, another … The powerful earthquake that smashed buildings, cracked roads and twisted rail lines around Christchurch, New Zealand, also ripped an 11-foot wide fault line in earth surface. The suburbs of Heathcote and Redcliffs lie above the fault, resulting in heavy damage and extensive rockfalls. This earthquake produced a visible rent across the landscape that allowed scientists to directly measure the movement of the longest fault segment, the Greendale … The killer Christchurch earthquake, which claimed 185 lives 10 years ago on Monday, came from the violent rupturing of a previously unknown fault line … 1). The fault plane extends a few kilometres offshore, but not much fault movement occurred beneath the ocean. We expect that details of the fault location and slip distribution will be updated in the future, as we incorporate more data and use more sophisticated data analysis techniques. 3). Fault Lines The Christchurch massacre created victims across the globe, whose accounts of loss and trauma have not been given a public hearing. This is comparable to Christchurch’s … The earthquake that devastated a city in New Zealand tore open a new 11ft faultine in the Earth’s surface. At 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday 22 February 2011, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake caused severe damage in Christchurch and Lyttelton, killing 185 people and injuring several thousand. The Northern Sangre de Cristo Fault. The deeper parts of the fault, and the westernmost 5 to 6 kilometres of the fault slipped predominantly horizontally by a few tens of centimetres. The images can be combined to show the total amount of shift of the ground surface, both vertically and horizontally, caused by the earthquake (see Fig. This time it was often colleagues, classmates or complete strangers who comforted and hel… This type of fault motion is called reverse faulting. "Second Christchurch fault much better behaved", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christchurch_Fault&oldid=944155164, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 March 2020, at 02:08. New Zealanders know that their country is vulnerable to tectonic movements. The way in which the Christchurch earthquake happened was due to the vibration of the ‘Alpine fault’ line which runs for around 600 km through Christchurch (Science, Alpine Fault, 2017). The Christchurch quakes were very very shallow, you really want to live somewhere where there is a lot of land mass on top of the plate, away from rivers/lakes and volcanoes. These instruments are designed specifically for recording strong ground shaking. Figure 1: This Google map image shows the fault plane (rectangular area) across the southern part of Christchurch and northern Port Hills. the Greendale Fault and the Port Hills Fault and branches thereof) are not part of the Alpine Fault. / Our Science

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